Metabolic psychiatry and brain energy theory

Mental illnesses are symptoms of metabolic dysfunction affecting the whole body and brain, not just isolated brain problems.

Strong consensus

Bipolar 1 disorder.

Sourced from the doctors, PhDs and clinicians behind Entrain. Updated

The strongest voice

“Mental illnesses are symptoms of metabolic dysfunction affecting the whole body and brain, not just isolated brain problems.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

In their own words

One faithful sentence per source, linked to the moment it was said; quiet chips mark where money is involved.

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Mental illnesses are symptoms of metabolic dysfunction affecting the whole body and brain, not just isolated brain problems.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“The root cause of mental illness is metabolic dysfunction affecting the brain, which unifies all known risk factors and explains symptoms scientifically.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Recent research over the last 20 years has expanded understanding of mitochondria beyond energy production, highlighting their critical role in various diseases and health conditions.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram sponsored

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Mental illness is caused by metabolic brain dysfunction or neuro-metabolic dysfunction, and improving mitochondrial function can put illness into remission.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Mental illnesses may be linked to metabolic dysfunction similar to cancer cells being metabolically sick, suggesting that addressing metabolic health could improve mental health.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Mental and metabolic disorders are in a complex feedback cycle, and treating the body is essential to effectively treat the brain.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry neutral
“There is a connection between the level of insulin resistance and the severity of depression.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Mental disorders are metabolic disorders of the brain characterized by impaired cellular energy production due to ineffective glucose use.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Increasing cellular energy via ketones helps brain cells function normally immediately and supports long-term repair and resilience.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Mental illnesses are treatable metabolic brain disorders, and understanding them this way offers new ways to treat and hope for recovery.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“The expert builds on decades of research to present a coherent theory linking metabolism and mitochondria to mental illness, emphasizing their importance in understanding mental health.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Mental illnesses are metabolic disorders of the brain, not disorders of willpower or character, and should be treated as such.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Mental illness is linked to metabolic health, and addressing metabolic factors can provide new solutions and hope for healing.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“The same biological processes causing obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease cause brain malfunction leading to mental illnesses, unifying these conditions under the brain energy theory of mental illness.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Understanding the science and biology shows mental health symptoms are caused by physical processes affecting brain energy and function, not just psychological factors or personal weakness.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“The Brain Energy theory integrates biological, psychological, and social research into one unifying framework for explaining and treating mental illness.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Understanding mitochondrial function helps make sense of mental illness and leads to treatments that can heal the brain and put chronic disorders into remission.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Metabolic treatments can put chronic, serious disorders like bipolar disorder and schizophrenia into remission, challenging the idea that these are lifelong, untreatable conditions.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Restoring metabolic health through dietary intervention can profoundly improve mental health symptoms, as seen in a patient who lost 160 lbs and experienced remission of psychotic symptoms.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“The same biological processes causing obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease also cause brain malfunction leading to mental illnesses or symptoms.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Chris Palmer advocates for treating mental health conditions by addressing the metabolic health of the brain, which is a revolutionary approach beyond traditional psychiatric methods.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Chris Palmer promotes his book 'Brain Energy' as a source for understanding and applying this metabolic approach to mental health (own brand, commercial interest).”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Brain metabolism decreases profoundly around perimenopause and menopause due to declining ATP levels in brain cells linked to estrogen decrease.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Estrogen is a very powerful regulator of metabolism throughout the body and plays a critical role in brain function.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry neutral
“Alcoholics have metabolically compromised reward pathways due to insufficient glucose fuel, but alcohol-derived acetate partially fuels these brain cells.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Most mental disorders are a direct result of a metabolic breakdown in the brain, suggesting metabolic interventions could improve mental health.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Mental disorders are actually metabolic disorders of the brain, influenced directly by metabolism affecting brain cell function and structure.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Mitochondria play a powerful role in the production and regulation of neurotransmitters, hormones, inflammation, and gene expression, which are all key factors in mental illness and health.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Mental disorders are intricately linked to metabolic disorders like obesity and diabetes, supported by decades of clinical, neuroscience, genetic, neuroimaging, metabolic, and aging research.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry conditional
“Metabolic treatments such as diet and exercise are real treatments that can keep the heart alive and healthy and may do the same for the brain in serious mental illness.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Diet, stress, and inflammation are major drivers of mitochondrial dysfunction, which contributes to mental illness and metabolic disorders.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Eating excessive or toxic foods impairs mitochondria and can lead to obesity by affecting hunger and fat cell metabolism.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Stress impairs mitochondrial function in certain cells by diverting metabolic resources to the fight or flight response.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Inflammation impairs mitochondrial function, contributing to symptoms of mental illness and metabolic disorders.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Mental health conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and chronic depression can be prevented and treated by addressing metabolism and mitochondrial function.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Metabolic health is mental health with some of the factors involved and mitochondria playing a role on both sides of the equation.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Mental disorders are metabolic disorders of the brain, with mitochondria as the unifying factor connecting biopsychosocial factors.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram sponsored

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Mitochondria play primary roles in how the human body and cells function, explaining connections between inflammation, hormones, neurotransmitter dysregulation, gut microbiome, stress, trauma, and metabolic syndrome in mental disorders.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram sponsored

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Understanding metabolism is fundamental to understanding how obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and mental disorders connect at the cellular level.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram sponsored

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Starting with one metabolic treatment and gradually adding others as metabolism improves can increase energy and motivation, facilitating further positive changes.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

Worth discussing with your GP, especially if you take medication or are pregnant. Entrain describes what is publicly taught; it does not prescribe.

Journaling and self-authoring

If you have a good idea, write it down because it is a gift that could change your whole life and forgetting it could prevent progress.

Strong consensus

“If you have a good idea, write it down because it is a gift that could change your whole life and forgetting it could prevent progress.”

a clinical psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology · TikTok

EMDR and trauma processing

He discusses new ways to treat anxiety, OCD, and PTSD by focusing on brain metabolic health rather than only symptoms.

Strong consensus

“He discusses new ways to treat anxiety, OCD, and PTSD by focusing on brain metabolic health rather than only symptoms.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

Internal family systems (IFS) therapy

The work is skills driven and experience driven rather than digging through past emotions, which is considered useless for change.

Strong consensus

“The work is skills driven and experience driven rather than digging through past emotions, which is considered useless for change.”

an attachment coach and former licensed marriage and family therapist · TikTok