Ultra-processed food and mental health

Food is not automatically medicine; it can also be poison depending on its effects on the body.

Contested

Individuals with mental health disorders.

Sourced from the doctors, PhDs and clinicians behind Entrain. Updated

Both sides, in their own words

Our sources differ. Compare their views and the context behind each one.

One side

“Food is not automatically medicine; it can also be poison depending on its effects on the body.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

The other

“Ultra-processed food options can disrupt metabolism, unlike nutritious foods which support it.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

In their own words

One faithful sentence per source, linked to the moment it was said; quiet chips mark where money is involved.

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry neutral
“Food is not automatically medicine; it can also be poison depending on its effects on the body.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry conditional
“Diet is an important factor among many including inflammation, hormones, microbiome, stress, and genetics in metabolism and mental health, but it is not the sole factor.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Eating ultra processed foods daily is associated with a threefold increase in mental health struggles compared to rarely or never consuming them.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry against
“Ultra-processed food options can disrupt metabolism, unlike nutritious foods which support it.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry against
“Ultra-processed foods contribute significantly to poor metabolic health, which negatively impacts mental well-being.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram sponsored

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Eating a lot of ultra processed foods is associated with a threefold increased risk of poor mental health, so reducing consumption and eating real food like meat, fish, eggs, vegetables, fruits, nuts, and seeds is advised.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Diet impacts mental health through multiple scientifically distinct mechanisms beyond simple healthy eating advice.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry against
“Ultra-processed food is the root cause of obesity, diabetes, and related health conditions, contrary to claims by some organizations.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry against
“There is a direct linear relationship showing that higher consumption of ultra-processed foods is associated with significantly worse mental health, with daily consumers having a three-fold higher rate of poor mental health compared to rare or non-consumers.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Abundant data shows that eating mostly unprocessed or minimally processed foods has a positive effect on mental health.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

a clinical psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology against
“Ultra-processed foods are weaponized by corporations to be addictive and are causing chronic disease, yet most people and healthcare providers do not realize the extent of the harm.”

a clinical psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology · Instagram

a clinical psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology against
“Government agencies like the USDA and CDC are controlled by for-profit corporations prioritizing commercial interests over the health of Americans, perpetuating the health crisis.”

a clinical psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology · Instagram

a clinical psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology strongly recommend addressing
“Certain demographics, such as black Americans and low income families, are disproportionately affected by poor diet and health outcomes due to higher consumption of ultra-processed foods.”

a clinical psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology · Instagram

a clinical psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology recommend
“Fixing the food pyramid and making whole foods affordable are necessary steps to improve public health and reduce chronic disease.”

a clinical psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology · Instagram

a clinical psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology against
“Ultra-processed foods made from subsidized crops like soy, corn, and wheat, especially GMO variants laden with pesticides, are driving the obesity epidemic.”

a clinical psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology · Instagram

a clinical psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology conditional
“The United States uses high fructose corn syrup made from genetically engineered corn and chemicals like glyphosate in foods, whereas Europe uses more natural ingredients, which may contribute to better health outcomes in Europe.”

a clinical psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology · Instagram

a media host and psychologist with a lapsed clinical license recommend
“We can end the chronic disease epidemic by changing what we're feeding our kids, specifically by eliminating ultra processed foods and harmful chemicals.”

a media host and psychologist with a lapsed clinical license · TikTok

a media host and psychologist with a lapsed clinical license against
“Many ingredients used in American foods are illegal in Europe and contribute to physical and mental health problems in children.”

a media host and psychologist with a lapsed clinical license · TikTok

a clinical psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology against
“Ultra-processed foods are food-like products that you could not possibly make in your own kitchen and are distinct from simply processed foods like sliced or blended apples.”

a clinical psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology · TikTok

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Changing diet can lead to improved mental health and increased energy, enabling a person to become happier and more productive.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · source video

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Consuming ultra-processed foods daily is associated with a threefold increase in mental health struggles, and systematic reviews show direct associations between ultra-processed food exposure and multiple health parameters including mental health conditions.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · source video

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry against
“Demonizing saturated fat led to replacing it with trans fats in vegetable shortening, which are now recognized as very harmful and banned in the US, so we should avoid repeating this mistake.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · source video

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“Eating ultra-processed foods daily is associated with a threefold increase in mental health struggles compared to rarely or never consuming them.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · source video

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry against
“Eating ultra processed foods several times a day triples the risk of poor mental health even after controlling for exercise and socioeconomic status.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · source video

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry against
“Ultra processed food options can disrupt metabolism and negatively affect health.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · source video

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry conditional
“Assessing metabolic health markers such as blood pressure, blood glucose, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and abdominal fat is the first step to determine if changing diet might be beneficial.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · source video

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry against
“High consumption of ultra processed foods, which constitute 60 to 70% of average calorie intake in the US, is a significant problem affecting metabolic health.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · source video

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry recommend
“The cause of the obesity epidemic is environmental factors such as poor diet and exposure to harmful chemicals rather than solely molecular biology details.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · source video

a media host and psychologist with a lapsed clinical license conditional
“Cravings for sugars and fats can persist as triggers and require ongoing work to manage.”

a media host and psychologist with a lapsed clinical license · source video

a mental health counselor and author conditional
“Food can effectively take the edge off stress, boredom, and anxiety but always comes with shame and guilt, so instead of fighting food as the enemy, understand what underlying issues your body is trying to signal and address those.”

a mental health counselor and author · source video sponsored

a clinical psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology against
“Most grains consumed today are refined and nutrient impoverished, serving primarily as pure energy or 'cattle feed' rather than nutritious whole foods.”

a clinical psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology · source video

a clinical psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology against
“Ultra-processed foods are pathologically delicious and lead to overconsumption of calories, contributing to obesity and related diseases.”

a clinical psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology · source video

a clinical psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology against
“Artificial food dyes cause hyperactivity and adverse effects on children's brains and are linked to cancer, yet are still widely used in US foods like Froot Loops and Cheetos, unlike in Europe where warning labels are required.”

a clinical psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology · source video

a clinical psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology against
“Processed foods contain man-made chemicals designed to improve food industry profits rather than health, contributing to obesity, diabetes, and poor mental health.”

a clinical psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology · source video sponsored

a clinical psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology conditional
“The tobacco companies bought food companies and may have used similar research to addict people to processed foods, but the evidence for conscious planning to addict is not fully confirmed.”

a clinical psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology · source video

a clinical psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology neutral
“Addiction is maximization of short-term pleasure that interferes with long-term thriving, and the line between addictive and pleasurable food is thin and complex.”

a clinical psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology · source video

a clinical psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology strong
“38% of pre-teens aged 12 to 18 are now pre-diabetic due to ultraprocessed food diets, indicating a serious public health crisis requiring accountability and regulation.”

a clinical psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology · source video

a clinical psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology recommend
“Traditional food preparation methods like fermentation and slow rising yeast improve digestibility and food quality compared to modern industrial methods prioritizing speed and ease.”

a clinical psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology · source video

a clinical psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology recommend
“Starting children on real foods like fresh blueberries helps prevent picky eating and reduces risk of pre-diabetes compared to processed foods with artificial flavors.”

a clinical psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology · source video

Worth discussing with your GP, especially if you take medication or are pregnant. Entrain describes what is publicly taught; it does not prescribe.

Journaling and self-authoring

If you have a good idea, write it down because it is a gift that could change your whole life and forgetting it could prevent progress.

Strong consensus

“If you have a good idea, write it down because it is a gift that could change your whole life and forgetting it could prevent progress.”

a clinical psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology · TikTok

Metabolic psychiatry and brain energy theory

Mental illnesses are symptoms of metabolic dysfunction affecting the whole body and brain, not just isolated brain problems.

Strong consensus

“Mental illnesses are symptoms of metabolic dysfunction affecting the whole body and brain, not just isolated brain problems.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram

EMDR and trauma processing

He discusses new ways to treat anxiety, OCD, and PTSD by focusing on brain metabolic health rather than only symptoms.

Strong consensus

“He discusses new ways to treat anxiety, OCD, and PTSD by focusing on brain metabolic health rather than only symptoms.”

a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist specializing in metabolic psychiatry · Instagram